. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology. Classification of Tyrant Flycatchers • Tray hi 1 .'""r^ ±.'0 AMES TYRANNUS GROUP NASAL SEPTUM 1 AMES' MYIARCHUS GROUP NASAL SEPTUM 2 AMES fLUVICULA GROUP PALATINES 1 2 AMES' NUTTALLORN^ and MYIOBIUS GROUPS PALATINES 3 FLUVICULINAE NASAL SEPTUM 6. INTERORBITAL SEPTUM 4 ELAENINAE AMES' COLOPTERYX and ELAENtA GROUPS Figure 7. Postulated origin of the subfamilies of Tyrannidae, based on Warter's cranial characters. Ames' groups of genera, based upon syringeal char- acters, are added to show the close correlation
. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology. Classification of Tyrant Flycatchers • Tray hi 1 .'""r^ ±.'0 AMES TYRANNUS GROUP NASAL SEPTUM 1 AMES' MYIARCHUS GROUP NASAL SEPTUM 2 AMES fLUVICULA GROUP PALATINES 1 2 AMES' NUTTALLORN^ and MYIOBIUS GROUPS PALATINES 3 FLUVICULINAE NASAL SEPTUM 6. INTERORBITAL SEPTUM 4 ELAENINAE AMES' COLOPTERYX and ELAENtA GROUPS Figure 7. Postulated origin of the subfamilies of Tyrannidae, based on Warter's cranial characters. Ames' groups of genera, based upon syringeal char- acters, are added to show the close correlation be- tween these character complexes. types of anatomical characters. It is tempt- ing to try to carry out further subdivisions within the subfamiHes, based on cranial or other evidence, but it is unprofitable for two reasons. First, the e\ddence, even within the cranial characters, becomes con- flicting, and second, there are too many un- examined genera whose allocation would be guesswork. The circular form of diagram in Figure 7 is used because the three subfamilies of flycatchers seem to have arisen indepen- dently rather than sequentially, one from another. There are no genera in any given subfamily that seem ancestral to or even closely related to either of the other sub- families. Onychorhi/nclius was placed in my Elaeniinae by Warter, and in the Fluvi- colinae here, but the difficultv is not that Oniichorhynchiis is intermediate between tlie two, but that its high specialization makes it difficult to place it in either. If my reconstruction of the proto-flycatcher characters is correct, then none of the modern taxa retain the primitive condition. Elaeniinae—This subfamily is charac- terized by the type 4 interorbital septum, which is found in 27 of the 35 genera ex- amined by Warter. The remaining genera have variously types 1, 2 or 3, and the evi- dence suggests these represent a secondary loss of type 4 rather than the retention of a primitive state. Seven of the
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Keywords: ., bookauthorharvarduniversity, bookcentury1900, booksubjectzoology
