. Collected reprints, Essa Institute for Oceanography. Oceanography Sea Floors, and Collapsing Continental Rises 179 There are, of course, many other models or "philosophies" for the general scheme of Earth tectonics. We may mention, for example, the fixed-earth concept, with mountain making controlled by vertical dis- placement and gravity tectonics, for which Bucher (1933, 1955) was a leading advocate. Bucher, to be sure, envisioned compressional shortening as well, but Beloussov (1958, 1960, 1962) and Brock (1956) expressed strictly "verticalist" views, whe
. Collected reprints, Essa Institute for Oceanography. Oceanography Sea Floors, and Collapsing Continental Rises 179 There are, of course, many other models or "philosophies" for the general scheme of Earth tectonics. We may mention, for example, the fixed-earth concept, with mountain making controlled by vertical dis- placement and gravity tectonics, for which Bucher (1933, 1955) was a leading advocate. Bucher, to be sure, envisioned compressional shortening as well, but Beloussov (1958, 1960, 1962) and Brock (1956) expressed strictly "verticalist" views, whereby a mega-mosaic of horizontally dis- posed cratonic blocks episodically squeezes intervening mobile belts. Such strict verticalists suggest gravity tectonics as the prime mover and find the evidence for horizontal shift largely illusory. My view is "horizontalistic" in accepting the reality and importance of horizontal shifts of the Earth's crust. I take issue, however, with the two common models of geotectonism and propose a third (fig. 1). No attempt will be made in this paper to comment on the views of the verticalists. Rather, it is my purpose to show that my concept is not inconsistent with the modern evidence of continental and marine geology. Some basic precepts of geology, however, must undergo radical revision. To this end the discussion that follows is geological in essence. Nature is, of course, complex, and many exceptions to the broad generalizations. B HIMALAYAS Fig. 2. Types of deformation presumed to affect movable continents. A. Passive continental drift on a moving mantle. No deformation. B. Continent decoupled from mantle motion. Accretion to continent of collapsed continental rise. C. Collision of continents with interleaving of sialic Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the
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