Alcatraz National Park, USA 6/1985. Alcatraz Island: a small island in San Francisco Bay, miles ( km) offshore from San Francisco, California, United States. By the mid-19th century Alcatraz was a lighthouse, a military fortification, and a military prison. By 1934, the island was converted into a federal prison, Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary. San Francisco Bay has strong currents around the island and cold-water temperatures made escape nearly impossible. The prison became one of the most notorious in American history. The prison closed in 1963, and the island is now a major tourist.

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Location: Alcatraz National Park
Photo credit: © paul jones / Alamy / Afripics
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