. Seaways of the empire; notes on the geography of transport. Fig. I.—South Africa and Australasia I SOUTH|AFRICA II ^=TX RUSSIAN EMPIRE ASIA. British Steamships, Outward. 12 SEAWAYS OF THE EMPIRE ships and from what country do they ultimately return,as return they must ? These figures ilKistratc, in a crucial form, one of the main problems in all transport, that of the balance of outward and return cargo. A ship is nearly as costly to run empty as full; so that, if paying cargo is available only in one direction, it must be charged a higher rate to cover the cost of the complete voyage out an
. Seaways of the empire; notes on the geography of transport. Fig. I.—South Africa and Australasia I SOUTH|AFRICA II ^=TX RUSSIAN EMPIRE ASIA. British Steamships, Outward. 12 SEAWAYS OF THE EMPIRE ships and from what country do they ultimately return,as return they must ? These figures ilKistratc, in a crucial form, one of the main problems in all transport, that of the balance of outward and return cargo. A ship is nearly as costly to run empty as full; so that, if paying cargo is available only in one direction, it must be charged a higher rate to cover the cost of the complete voyage out and home. This would be true, invariably, if all ships were tied, as railway waggons in this country, to more or less fixed lines; but a ship is more flexible; since the sea is free to all, it may return by the most devious routes, carrying intermediate cargo on the way. Not all ships, however, are equally flexible. The tramp wanders at will over the face of the Ocean, going wherever profitable cargo is to be found at the moment; the liner, even when mainly carrying cargo, is tied to certain routes and times. Most tied is the fast passeng
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