. Elements of zoölogy : a textbook. Zoology. THE SKELETON OF 29 stated here that there are many animals belonging to this branch which have the skeleton in the condition of cartilage. O ' as in the fishes known as sharks, skates, and sturgeons o (see Figs. 301, 294, 309), and others, as the fishes known as the amphioxus, hag, etc. (see Figs. 351, 352), which have no skeleton, not even a back-bone, nor any hard parts what- ever. Therefore, to meet all cases, the Vertebrates may be de- fined as animals having an elongated, bony, or cartilagi- nous, or soft axis, with an elongated c
. Elements of zoölogy : a textbook. Zoology. THE SKELETON OF 29 stated here that there are many animals belonging to this branch which have the skeleton in the condition of cartilage. O ' as in the fishes known as sharks, skates, and sturgeons o (see Figs. 301, 294, 309), and others, as the fishes known as the amphioxus, hag, etc. (see Figs. 351, 352), which have no skeleton, not even a back-bone, nor any hard parts what- ever. Therefore, to meet all cases, the Vertebrates may be de- fined as animals having an elongated, bony, or cartilagi- nous, or soft axis, with an elongated cavity or tube above this axis, containing the brain and spinal cord, and called the spinal cavity or neural canal, and a tube or elongated cavity below this axis, containing the heart, the digestive organs, and other organs of vegetative life, and some- times called the haemal arch or hremal cavity—from the Gr. haima, blood.* So that a longitudinal, and a transverse section of any vertebrate animal, the lowest as well as the FIG. 27 FIG. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Tenney, Sanborn, 1827-1877. New York : Scribner
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