. Bird behaviour psychical and physiological . Snipes, and the Pen-guins. Some of these groups are regular professionalboxers, and may be even armed with knuckle-dusters,as the Sheldrakes and that giant extinct flightlessPigeon, the SoHtaire (Pezophaps soli tar ius) of Ro-driguez ; or have spurs on the pinion-joint, as in theSpur-wing Geese (Plectropterus) and Spur-wingedLapwings of several kinds, besides the lily-trottingJagands, several of which are spur-wdnged. TheScreamers have two spurs on each wing—a largeone on the pinion, and a smaller one nearer thetip of the wing. All spur-vnnged bir


. Bird behaviour psychical and physiological . Snipes, and the Pen-guins. Some of these groups are regular professionalboxers, and may be even armed with knuckle-dusters,as the Sheldrakes and that giant extinct flightlessPigeon, the SoHtaire (Pezophaps soli tar ius) of Ro-driguez ; or have spurs on the pinion-joint, as in theSpur-wing Geese (Plectropterus) and Spur-wingedLapwings of several kinds, besides the lily-trottingJagands, several of which are spur-wdnged. TheScreamers have two spurs on each wing—a largeone on the pinion, and a smaller one nearer thetip of the wing. All spur-vnnged birds are spurredin both sexes, and in none of them do the spursrepresent claws, being never at the ends of thedigits. The Torrent-Ducks (Merganetta) of theAndes have spurs on the wings, but here it is justpossible that these may be grappling-irons forclimbing slippery rocks, as the New Zealand Tor-rent-Duck {Hymenolcemus malacorhynchus) is saidto use its wings for scrambling up rocks, though inthis species they are only knobbed, not AFRICAN J AC AN the long toes and daws chaniclcrislic of this family of birds, and enabling them to walk on wator-planti 296


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Keywords: ., bookauthorfinn, bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectbirds