. Railroad construction. Theory and practice . (To face page 25G) 246, RAIL-FASTENINGS, 257 Another unsettled detail is the use of shoulders^ on theupper surface. On the one hand it is claimed that the use ofshoulders relieves the spikes of side pressure from the rail andprevents necking*^ On the other hand it is claimed that if the. GOLDIE Fig. 121.—Tie-plates. the plain plate is once properly set with new spikes (at least vnthspikes not already necked) the spikes will not neck appreci-ably, and that, as the shouldered plates cost more, the additionalexpenditure is unnecessary. The above desi
. Railroad construction. Theory and practice . (To face page 25G) 246, RAIL-FASTENINGS, 257 Another unsettled detail is the use of shoulders^ on theupper surface. On the one hand it is claimed that the use ofshoulders relieves the spikes of side pressure from the rail andprevents necking*^ On the other hand it is claimed that if the. GOLDIE Fig. 121.—Tie-plates. the plain plate is once properly set with new spikes (at least vnthspikes not already necked) the spikes will not neck appreci-ably, and that, as the shouldered plates cost more, the additionalexpenditure is unnecessary. The above designs should be studied with reference to themanner in which they fulfill the requirements which have beenalready stated. As in the ease of rail-joints, the best forms oftie-plates are of comparatively recent design, and experience withthem is still insufficient to determine beyond all question whichdesigns are the best. 246. Method of setting. A very important detail in theprocess of setting the tie-plates on the ties is that the flanges orteeth should penetrate the tie as far as desired w^hen the platesare first put in position. It requires considerable force to pressthe teeth into a tie. In a few cases trackmen have depended onthe easy process of waiting for passing trains to force the teeth 258 RAILROAD CONSTRUCTION. §24
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