Pyelography (pyelo-ureterography) a study of the normal and pathologic anatomy of the renal pelvis and ureter . stone. Not infrequently in the course of routineradiographic examination shadows are suggestive of renalstone and yet the clinical data, either subjective or objective,would negate its existence. Data other than those derivedfrom the ordinary radiogram will frequently be necessaryfor identification. In such cases the data obtained bymeans of cystoscopic inspection and the ureteral catheterare often sufficient for the identification of the stone; inother cases shadows can be identifie
Pyelography (pyelo-ureterography) a study of the normal and pathologic anatomy of the renal pelvis and ureter . stone. Not infrequently in the course of routineradiographic examination shadows are suggestive of renalstone and yet the clinical data, either subjective or objective,would negate its existence. Data other than those derivedfrom the ordinary radiogram will frequently be necessaryfor identification. In such cases the data obtained bymeans of cystoscopic inspection and the ureteral catheterare often sufficient for the identification of the stone; inother cases shadows can be identified only by means ofpyelography. The method should not be employed as aroutine procedure, however, but used only when interpreta-tion is doubtful or when exact localization is desirable. 183 184 PYELOGRAPHY The pyelographic data which will enable us to determinewhether a doubtful shadow is extrarenal or intrarenal areas follows: (1) The distance separating the shadow fromthe pelvic outline; (2) the exact relation of the shadow tothe pelvic outline; (3) the presence of pathologic changesin the pelvic Fig. 153.—Renal stone (identification). When the distance separating the shadow in questionfrom the pelvic outline is three or four inches, the extra-renal nature of the shadow will be demonstrated. Shouldthe extrarenal shadow be situated adjacent to the outline ofthe pelvis, it might easily be confused with a cortical Fig. 153 the shadow in question is seen to lie fully threeinches below the level of the normal pelvis—a distance too RENAL STONE 185 great to permit of its being within the renal cortex. Atoperation the shadow was found to be caused by an entero-lith lodged in a retrocecal appendix. A careful study of the exact relation of a shadow to theoutline of the pelvis usually enables one to differentiate be-tween extra- and intrarenal shadows. It will be found thata cortical stone is usually situated at or near the end of a
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectkidneys, bookyear1915
