. The cereals in America. Grain. 34 THE CKREALS IN AMERICA the side opposite the embryo, causing a deep infolding of the pericarp or bran, which makes the roller process of milling a superior method. It is characterized by a small embryo, and a large development of endosperm from which the flour is obtained. Bessey estimates the cubic contents of a wheat grain to be from twenty to thirty cu- bic millimeters, of which fully thirteen- fourteenths are filled with starch cells, the embryo occupying no more than one- fourteenth of the space.' 6i. The Embiyo. —The embryo can be divided into (i) scut
. The cereals in America. Grain. 34 THE CKREALS IN AMERICA the side opposite the embryo, causing a deep infolding of the pericarp or bran, which makes the roller process of milling a superior method. It is characterized by a small embryo, and a large development of endosperm from which the flour is obtained. Bessey estimates the cubic contents of a wheat grain to be from twenty to thirty cu- bic millimeters, of which fully thirteen- fourteenths are filled with starch cells, the embryo occupying no more than one- fourteenth of the space.' 6i. The Embiyo. —The embryo can be divided into (i) scutellum, or absorb- ent organ, which on. c¥) gp (^ ^ '«x(^-^(X) 'X) (D (D - A mG) Q Q)- Progressive sections of grain of wheat tal(en at the three axes as indicated, showing shape of grain and position and ratio of (jr) embryo to (j/) endosperm. (From microphotographs by Rowlee.) germmation causes the dissolution of the endosperm and then transfers it to (2) the vegetative portion. This vegetative portion contains in mini- ature the first leaves and roots of the new plant. The embryo contains a relatively high per cent of ash, protein and fat, and considerable quantities of soluble carbohydrates (sugar), but probably little if any starch. About one-sixth is fat or oil and about one-third is protein, the two thus constituting one-half of the embryo. The proteids of the embryo differ also from those of the endosperm in the ease with which they undergo changes. Osborne has found the embryo to contain about per cent of nucleic acid.^ ' Neb. Bui. 32, p. 103. 2 Conn. Rept. 1901, pp. 365-430. i. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Hunt, Thomas Forsyth, 1862-1927. New York, O. Judd company;
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