. Annual report of the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca, Cornell University. Agricultural Experiment Station; Agriculture -- New York (State). Fig. 257.—A method of re-establish- ing a valtiabJe specimen—through the grafting by approach of young saplings of the same species. much harm; as the tree grows and expands in diameter, such bands tighten, causing the bark to be broken and resulting after a few years in a partial girdling (Fig. 258). To bolt a tree correctly is compara- tively inexpensive. The safest method consists in passing a strong bolt through a hole
. Annual report of the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca, Cornell University. Agricultural Experiment Station; Agriculture -- New York (State). Fig. 257.—A method of re-establish- ing a valtiabJe specimen—through the grafting by approach of young saplings of the same species. much harm; as the tree grows and expands in diameter, such bands tighten, causing the bark to be broken and resulting after a few years in a partial girdling (Fig. 258). To bolt a tree correctly is compara- tively inexpensive. The safest method consists in passing a strong bolt through a hole bored in the branch for this purpose, and fastening it on the out- side by means of a washer and a nut. Generally the washer has been placed against the bark and the nut then holds it in place. A better method of bolting, and one which insures a neat appearance of the branch in addi- tion to serving as the most certain safeguard against the entrance of disease, is to countersink the nut in the bark and imbed it in portland cement (Fig. 259). The hole for the sinking of the nut and washer is thickly coated with lead paint and then with a layer of cement on which are placed the nut and washer, both of which are then im- bedded in cement. If the outer surface of the nut be flush with the plane of the bark, within a few years it will be covered by the growing tissue. The inner ends of the rods in the two branches may be connected by a rod or chain. The pref- (^C .!. fr" /f^ erence for the chain over the rod attachment >—''^ w/////y///7///'y^\ . , , , . , ., is based on the compressive and tensile stresses which come on the connection during wind stonns. Rod connections arc preferred, however, Fig. 259. — Care should when rigidity is required, as in unions made close be e^^rcised in seeing ^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^. ^^^^ branches to- that the bolls are prop- ' - ° erly inserted. gether before they have shown signs of weak- ening at the fork, the chain may best be
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