Ontario High School History of England . Pillage of Medieval TownNote the costumes and the architecture. poverty about her. In the town itself there were distinc-tions of rank and caste, the wool merchant being apt tolook down upon other traders. 4. Architecture and Social Life The Norman architecture.—The spirit of a people expresses 174 HISTORY OF ENGLAND itself in its buildings and mediaeval England has a notablerecord in architecture. Before the Norman Conquest mostof the buildings were of wood, but the Normans despised thisprimitive material and reared massive structures in Roma
Ontario High School History of England . Pillage of Medieval TownNote the costumes and the architecture. poverty about her. In the town itself there were distinc-tions of rank and caste, the wool merchant being apt tolook down upon other traders. 4. Architecture and Social Life The Norman architecture.—The spirit of a people expresses 174 HISTORY OF ENGLAND itself in its buildings and mediaeval England has a notablerecord in architecture. Before the Norman Conquest mostof the buildings were of wood, but the Normans despised thisprimitive material and reared massive structures in Romans had been great builders, and the Norman usedthe round Roman arch, but his work was rougher, hiswalls were thicker, his pillars heavier, than those of had nothing to equal the Roman mortar, more enduringin some cases than the stones which it held together, and atfirst his primitive carving was done with an axe. But hiswork improved rapidly. Taught, perhaps, by the returning. Norman Doorway, Iffley, about 1110Note the elaborate ornament. crusaders, who had seen better architecture in other landsthe Norman builder soon matured his style, and the lavishornament, which he bestowed on even tiny country churches,surprises us still; in vast structures like Durham Cathedraland in small ones like Iffley Church, the same wealth of careis to be found. We wonder how villages could bear thecost of the beautiful churches that were built. The bishop SOCIETY AT THE CLOSE OF THE MIDDLE AGES 175 had power to order the erection of a church, and the villagersmust find means to obey; for it was usually they, and notsome great man or monastery, who met the cost of erect-ing a village church. Early English Gothic and Decorated Gothic—The devotionto the round-arched Norman architecture continued for ahundred years; but when, in 1174, Canterbury Cathedralwas partly destroyed by fire, the architect who rebuilt itmade great use of the pointed arch. The style was whollynew, and wa
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