. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 26 R. C. BABCOCK. ET .(I. C. o D N 0) C. oj o. one male A. plancl Davies R. one male A. plancl Sesoko Is. five male A. plancl Oavies R. one male Strongylocentrotus 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Distance Downstream (m) Figure 6. Effects of varying sperm release rate on predicted fertilization rate. Predictions and data for values on the direct downstream axis (r = 0). Model parameters for Acanlhaxler planci as for Figure 3. Sperm release rates: 1 male. Davies R. = x 10s: 5 males, Davies R. = x 10g; I male, Sesoko I
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 26 R. C. BABCOCK. ET .(I. C. o D N 0) C. oj o. one male A. plancl Davies R. one male A. plancl Sesoko Is. five male A. plancl Oavies R. one male Strongylocentrotus 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Distance Downstream (m) Figure 6. Effects of varying sperm release rate on predicted fertilization rate. Predictions and data for values on the direct downstream axis (r = 0). Model parameters for Acanlhaxler planci as for Figure 3. Sperm release rates: 1 male. Davies R. = x 10s: 5 males, Davies R. = x 10g; I male, Sesoko Is. = x 10"; 1 Strongylocentrotus = 1 x 107; all other parameters for estimates of Strongylocentrotus fertilization as in Denny and Shibata (1989), except «,. = and «. = O • predicted field data predicted field data predicted predicted on a scale too large for our sampling to detect. The fact that Acanthaster routinely aggregates in response to both the physical structure of the habitat (, cryptic resting places [personal obs.]) and the feeding of other starfish (Ormond et al., 1973) does not preclude the usefulness of such behavior in terms of reproductive success. The number of zygotes formed at relatively large dis- tances from a sperm source may be high, as has been noted by Grosberg (1991), due to an increase in the total area under consideration, even though the proportion of eggs fertilized is lower than that in the small area imme- diately surrounding the source. This is an important factor in reproductive success not only at the population level but also in terms of the pattern of gene flow of individual organisms. For individual starfish, a high level of aggre- gation may not be necessary to optimize the transfer of genes to the next generation; despite the high level of fer- tilization for animals in close proximity, the total numbers of eggs fertilized by the sperm of a single spawning male may actually be greater at considerable distances
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Keywords: ., bookauthorlilliefrankrat, booksubjectbiology, booksubjectzoology
