. A text-book of comparative physiology for students and practitioners of comparative (veterinary) medicine . on; 3, crico-thyroid membrane; 4, thyro-hyoid mem-brane; 5, crico-trachealis ligament. Above the true vocal bands composed of elastic fibers lie theso-called false vocal bands (cords) to be regarded as folds of themucous membrane which take no essential part in voice-produc-tion. Between these two pairs of bands are the ventricles ofMorgagni, which, as well as the adjacent parts, secrete mucusand allow of the movements of both sets of bands and in so faronly assist in phonation. The wh
. A text-book of comparative physiology for students and practitioners of comparative (veterinary) medicine . on; 3, crico-thyroid membrane; 4, thyro-hyoid mem-brane; 5, crico-trachealis ligament. Above the true vocal bands composed of elastic fibers lie theso-called false vocal bands (cords) to be regarded as folds of themucous membrane which take no essential part in voice-produc-tion. Between these two pairs of bands are the ventricles ofMorgagni, which, as well as the adjacent parts, secrete mucusand allow of the movements of both sets of bands and in so faronly assist in phonation. The whole of the supra-laryngeal cavities, the trachea andbronchial tubes, may be regarded as resonance-chambers, theformer of which are of the most importance, so far as thequality of the voice is concerned. There seems to be littledoubt that they have much to do with determining the differ-ences by which one individuals voice at the same pitch differsfrom another; nor is the view that they may have a slight in-fluence on the pitch of the voice, or even its intensity, to beignored. 598 COMPARATIVE The epiglottis, in so far as it has any effect, in all probabilitymodifies the voice in the direction of quality. Pathological.—Paralysis ofthe laryngeal muscles, owing topressure on nerves and conse-quent narrowing of the glotticopening, explains roaring inthe horse, in certain instancesat all events. Comparative.—Much moreis known of the sounds emanat-ing from the lower animalsthan of the mechanisms bywhich they are produced. Thisapplies, of course, especially tosuch sounds as are not pro-duced by external parts of thebody, it being very difficult toinvestigate these experimental-ly or to observe the animalclosely enough when produc-ing the various vocal effectsnaturally. All our domestic mammalshave a larynx, not as widely different from that of man asmight be supposed from the feeble range of their vocal are structural differences in the larynx of the dome
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