Uzbekistan: The Jama Masjid (Friday Mosque) within the Ark fortress, Bukhara. The Ark was initially built and occupied around the 5th century CE. In addition to being a military structure, the Ark encompassed what was essentially a town that, during much of the fortress' history, was inhabited by the various royal courts that held sway over the region surrounding Bukhara. The Ark was used as a fortress until it fell to Russia in 1920. Bukhara was founded in 500 BCE in the area now called the Ark. However, the Bukhara oasis had been inhabited long before.


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