. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. LILIACEAE 475 are homogamous, and not protogynous, so that automatic self-pollination is possible from the beginning of anthesis. Kerner, however, describes the flowers as proto- gynous. If insects visit them, cross- pollination is favoured, as the visitor generally brushes against a stigma with one side of its body and the anthers with the other. Fresh specimens ob- served by Vanhoffen in Greenland bore white flowers {cf. Abromeit, 'Bot. Er- geb. von Drygal
. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. LILIACEAE 475 are homogamous, and not protogynous, so that automatic self-pollination is possible from the beginning of anthesis. Kerner, however, describes the flowers as proto- gynous. If insects visit them, cross- pollination is favoured, as the visitor generally brushes against a stigma with one side of its body and the anthers with the other. Fresh specimens ob- served by Vanhoffen in Greenland bore white flowers {cf. Abromeit, 'Bot. Er- geb. von Drygalski's Gronlandsexped.,' P- 79)- Visitors.—Herm. Miiller (Alps) observed 2 Muscids and a small lepi- dopterid. 2831. T. coccinea Rich. (Abro- meit, op. cit., pp. 79-80.)—This species has denser inflorescences than the last one, and the flowers are typically of a purple-red colour,. Fig. 408. Tojiddia calycui-ata, Waklenb., and 7T palusiriSy Huds. (after Herm. Miiller). A. Flower of Z". calyculata. B. Do. of T, palusiris, towards even- ing. C. Do., in the morning (x 7). a and d', closed and dehisced anthers; k, nectary; si, stigma. 919. Zygadenus Michx. 2832. Z. elegans Pursh.—The flowers of this species are dirty-white in colour, with green blotches. Visitors.—Plateau observed ants, other small Hymenoptera, and hover-flies. CXV. ORDER PONTEDERIACEAE BENTH. ET HOOK. 920. Monochoria Presl. Kuhn (Bot. Ztg., Leipzig, xxv, 1867) states that some species of this genus bear cleistogamous flowers. 921. Pontederia L. Fritz Miiller describes species of this genus as trimorphous (Jenaische Zs. Natw., vi, 1871, pp. 74-8). 922. Heteranthera Ruiz et Pav. 2833. H. reniformis Ruiz et Pav. (Herm. Miiller, Kosmos, Leipzig, vii, 1880; Hildebrand, Ber. D. bot. Ges., Berlin, i, 1883.)—Herm. MuUer says that this species possesses two kinds of stamens, one long one with pale-blue anthers, and two short ones with yellow pollen. When the small white flower opens, the former bends to the l
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