Plants and their ways in South Africa . tion. It is more economical for theplant to extend the lower leaves on long petioles. The upperleaves let the light to the lower ones in some cases by beingmuch cut or lobed. In this way the differences in the upperand lower leaves of Bnpleurum difforme^ L., and Scabiosa come 56 Plants and their Ways in South Africa to have a new meaning for us. Plants frequently lose alltraces of their early leaves, but the first leaf on each branchof the Rhus shown in Fig. 64 serves to remind us of the plantssimple habits in early life. Attempts have been made to name
Plants and their ways in South Africa . tion. It is more economical for theplant to extend the lower leaves on long petioles. The upperleaves let the light to the lower ones in some cases by beingmuch cut or lobed. In this way the differences in the upperand lower leaves of Bnpleurum difforme^ L., and Scabiosa come 56 Plants and their Ways in South Africa to have a new meaning for us. Plants frequently lose alltraces of their early leaves, but the first leaf on each branchof the Rhus shown in Fig. 64 serves to remind us of the plantssimple habits in early life. Attempts have been made to name the different shapes ofleaves. To name them all would be a difficult task, as no twoleaves are just the same shape. Aside from the general outline, leaves vary in their may be entire, or serrate (saw toothed), dentate (toothed),crenate or scalloped, repand, undulate, and so on. The diagrams of forms and margins of leaves mentionedby Linnaeus are shown in Fig. 65. You can find other shapes. CHAPTER VII. WATERWAYS IN How Roots take in Water.—In Chapter IV we read of thewater passing from the soil into the roots and thence to theleaves. It is now time to see how this is done. Each root-hair is a small cell consisting of a jelly-like butliving substance called protoplasm surrounded by a thin cell absorbs water, which makes itfirm. This water holds salts dissolved init, which are obtained from the a plant is supplied with water itpasses through the walls of the root-hairsand on into other cells; for the wholeplant is made up of millions of tiny see how this is done, let us try anexperiment. Ex. 13. A Bottle Cell.—Take a smallwide-necked bottle and fill with syrup madeby dissolving a teaspoonful of sugar in half acup of water. Tie over the mouth a piece ofmembrane.^ Be careful that the solution quite fills thebottle before covering. Sink the bottle in a cup of fresh water and setaside until the next day. The membrane now bulges o
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectplants, bookyear1915
