. The Street railway journal . a surface condensing plant is to balance the circulating water col-umns leading to and from the condenser by sealing both endsbeneath the same level of water. A syphon is thus formed, andit is only necessary to move the circulating water against the fric-tion of pipes, valves and condenser tubes. A limitation to high vacua, of course, exists in the temperatureof cooling water, and unless sufficient difference in temperatureexists between water and steam—20 degs. to 30 degs.—the amountof circulating water per pound of steam becomes much greaterthan that with norma
. The Street railway journal . a surface condensing plant is to balance the circulating water col-umns leading to and from the condenser by sealing both endsbeneath the same level of water. A syphon is thus formed, andit is only necessary to move the circulating water against the fric-tion of pipes, valves and condenser tubes. A limitation to high vacua, of course, exists in the temperatureof cooling water, and unless sufficient difference in temperatureexists between water and steam—20 degs. to 30 degs.—the amountof circulating water per pound of steam becomes much greaterthan that with normal water temperature of, for instance, 70 This, of course, entails increased power input to pumps. Highwater temperature, therefore, forms a practical barrier to higher October 15, 1904.] STREET RAILWAY JOURNAL. vacua. But with ordinary water temperature and a closed steamcycle and circulating water system, the power requirements maybe kept at a low point, as shown in the tests at Johnstown. In Motor drlilfttlng Pu:. Hoi Water Pumps FIG. 13.—ARRANGEMENTS OF FOUNDATIONS AND CONDENSING APPARATUS. TURBINE PLANT OF THE CLEVELAND & SOUTHWESTERNRAILWAY, ELYRIA, OHIO the turbine plant at Elyria, Ohio, where the circulating pumps aremotor driven (see Fig. 13), the power input to the motors at Y\load on the turbine and 27-in. vacuum was found to be but cent, including a 15-ft. this was introduced for thepurpose of making weir meas-urements, the power chargeableto the condenser, including thefriction in over 550 ft. of cast-iron piping, was but percent of the turbine output. The cost of high vacuum ap-paratus is not proportional tothe vacuum, but increasesmuch more rapidly, as shown inFig. 12. Increasing the vacuum1 in. above 26 ins., increases thecost about one-fourth, another1 in. raises it nearly one-third,and Y2 in. above 28 ins., aboutone-half of the cost at 26 estimates are, of course,averages and intended to showrelative, not specific, c
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1880, booksubjectstreetr, bookyear1884
