. Conodonts of the Lower Border group and equivalent strata (lower carboniferous) in Northern Cumbria and the Scottish Borders, Conodonts; Paleontology; Paleontology; Conodonts; Paleontology. TEXT-FIG. 6. Ontogeny of Pa elements of Patrognathus capricornis. Figures based on actual specimens, broken parts restored: a) ROM 48814; b) ROM 48813; c) ROM 48810; d) Mil(c)565/17 (Austin and Mitchell, 1975, pi. 2, figs. 5, 19, 21). should be assigned to Patrognathus sp. (, Matthews and Naylor, 1973:356, pi. 35, figs. 12, 13; Lipnjagov, 1979, pi. 2, fig. 11; Kononova in Wagner, Higgins, and Me
. Conodonts of the Lower Border group and equivalent strata (lower carboniferous) in Northern Cumbria and the Scottish Borders, Conodonts; Paleontology; Paleontology; Conodonts; Paleontology. TEXT-FIG. 6. Ontogeny of Pa elements of Patrognathus capricornis. Figures based on actual specimens, broken parts restored: a) ROM 48814; b) ROM 48813; c) ROM 48810; d) Mil(c)565/17 (Austin and Mitchell, 1975, pi. 2, figs. 5, 19, 21). should be assigned to Patrognathus sp. (, Matthews and Naylor, 1973:356, pi. 35, figs. 12, 13; Lipnjagov, 1979, pi. 2, fig. 11; Kononova in Wagner, Higgins, and Meyen, 1979, pi. 1, fig. 17; Nicoll and Druce, 1979:28, pi. 15, figs. 3,4). The similarity between different Pa element growth stages of these three species of Patrognathus suggests peramorphic evolution of P. capricornis. Genus Taphrognathus Branson and Mehl, 1941 Taphrognathus Branson and Mehl, 1941b:181. [non] Taphrognathus Welles, 1947. Cloghergnathus Austin in Austin and Mitchell, 1975:48. REVISED DIAGNOSIS Apparatus seximembrate when fully developed. Pa ele- ments carminiscaphate to anguliscaphate with conspicu- ous central trough; anterior free blade medial or lateral; parapets nodose, transversely ridged or smooth; basal cav- ity bilaterally symmetrical to moderately asymmetrical. Pb elements angulate; M elements dolabrate; Sa element alate; Sb elements bipennate; Sc elements bipennate. Pa elements paired with Class III, rarely Class II, symmetry; all other elements, apart from the Sa, symmetrically paired. TYPE SPECffiS Taphrognathus varians Branson and Mehl, 1941b, by orig- inal designation. DISCUSSION The diagnosis of Taphrognathus is expanded to include nonplatform elements. The reconstruction is based on the nonplatform elements associated with Taphrognathus Pa elements in the low diversity faunas recovered from the Northumberland trough. Taphrognathus carinatus (Hig- gins and Varker) as reconstructed by Higgins and Varker (1982) is in broad agreement with this. It i
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