. Annals of the South African Museum = Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum . Figure 8 Etched section of grooved gold bead from Mapungubwe, showing the intense cold work at the base of the groove which was indented cold (magnification 56 X).. Figure 9Wrapped gold bead from Mapungubwe, showing an open join (magnification 12 X). FABRIC A TION TECHNOLOG Y OF SOUTHERN AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GOLD 89 Intensely cold worked copper is also a possibility but is less likely, since iron wasavailable and the iron point would last longer. Some beads had five decorative indentations equi-distantly impressed


. Annals of the South African Museum = Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum . Figure 8 Etched section of grooved gold bead from Mapungubwe, showing the intense cold work at the base of the groove which was indented cold (magnification 56 X).. Figure 9Wrapped gold bead from Mapungubwe, showing an open join (magnification 12 X). FABRIC A TION TECHNOLOG Y OF SOUTHERN AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL GOLD 89 Intensely cold worked copper is also a possibility but is less likely, since iron wasavailable and the iron point would last longer. Some beads had five decorative indentations equi-distantly impressed on their outercircumferences. This grooving, presumably with a light tap by a carefully orientatedchisel, produced visible cold work deformation beneath the indentations and oftendeformed the pre-existing hole into a pentagonal shape (Fig. 7). Oddy (1984) had beenunsure if these grooves were cast in place or cut. The grain deformation visible in themetallographic sections proved that these grooves had been indented after punching thecentral hole, and while the bead was cold (Fig. 8). There were also large numbers of wrapped gold beads. These were round, often withflattened end surfaces, and to the naked eye looked superficially simila


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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booki, booksubjectnaturalhistory