. A complete geography. of tram-ways and railways a simplematter. Many of the rail-ways connect directly withthe European trunk lines. In the second place, the position of Holland gives her a distinctcommercial advantage. The Netherlands lie directly in the path ofentrance to northern Europe, and the country is crossed by theRhine River, which is navigable for a long distance into much of the American and British trade with centralEurope is carried on through Holland. Colonies. — The Dutch colonies (Fig. 416) furnish a third reasonfor an extensive development of commerce. Sin
. A complete geography. of tram-ways and railways a simplematter. Many of the rail-ways connect directly withthe European trunk lines. In the second place, the position of Holland gives her a distinctcommercial advantage. The Netherlands lie directly in the path ofentrance to northern Europe, and the country is crossed by theRhine River, which is navigable for a long distance into much of the American and British trade with centralEurope is carried on through Holland. Colonies. — The Dutch colonies (Fig. 416) furnish a third reasonfor an extensive development of commerce. Since the very earliesttimes the Dutch have been in close contact with the salt water. Notonly have they battled with the sea in reclaiming land, but to visitsome of their near neighbors they have been obliged to cross it,Moreover, both the Zuider Zee and the North Sea, near at many food fish ; and this fact has led to an important devel-opment of the fisheries, one of the leading industries of the Fig. Dutch windmill. 374 EUBOPE The men have therefore become expert sailors ; and when dis-coveries of new lands were being made, the Dutch sailors naturallyshared in the explorations and obtained colonies. The attempt of the Dutch to colonize our Hudson valley was thwartedby the English; but Holland retains possession of other important these, Dutch Guiana in South America has already been mentioned(p. 321); but the most important are Java and several other East Indiaislands. The manufacture of raw products from the colonies constitutesone of the principal industries of the coast cities. The possession of these colonies, Hollands position, her water andrail connections with other countries, and her many canals and
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