. History of psychology; a sketch and an interpretation. sistent with therecognition with the early dualists of oppositesor antitheses in nature of which they made alist—one and many, rest and motion, etc. The soul is the numerical harmony of thebody, as the world-soul from which it arisesis the harmony of the cosmos. Universal lifeis governed by number in four stages: (i) it islatent in seeds; (2) it appears in plants; (3) itbecomes the sensitive soul in animals (locatedin the heart); and (4) the rational soul in man(located in the head). The soul has three parts; reason (^pevsc;),intelligenc
. History of psychology; a sketch and an interpretation. sistent with therecognition with the early dualists of oppositesor antitheses in nature of which they made alist—one and many, rest and motion, etc. The soul is the numerical harmony of thebody, as the world-soul from which it arisesis the harmony of the cosmos. Universal lifeis governed by number in four stages: (i) it islatent in seeds; (2) it appears in plants; (3) itbecomes the sensitive soul in animals (locatedin the heart); and (4) the rational soul in man(located in the head). The soul has three parts; reason (^pevsc;),intelligence (voO?), and desire (6u;jl6c;). Thefirst of these, the reason, is peculiar to man;animals have the other two. This is an earlyattempt at classifying mental powers or facul-ties; but it goes no further than this. With the point of view of order and harmonywe find united a development of the Orphic»doctrine of transmigration of souls. Souls go ^The name of Orpheus, the legendary founder of amystical sect, became attached to this type of Pythagoras. {Copyright. Reproduced bv kind permission of the Open Court PublishingCo., Chicago, ) Greek Speculation before Socrates 47 from one body to another, being in this sense sepa»rate existences. Demons are disembodied spirits. There is an apparent contradiction betweenthis doctrine and the view that the soul is thenumerical harmony of a particular body. Itis probable that in the Pythagorean circle—•a secret religious organisation—the theory oftransmigration was the accepted view, answer-ing to ethical and practical demands and main-taining the Orphic tradition. The need of carrying out further the concep-tion of order and harmony in a comprehensivephilosophy, and of ridding it of contradictions,appeared later in the theory of ideas of Plato,for which the foundation is here in a sense development of a formal and unifying prin-ciple—that of number—suggests the correspond-ing role of thought or the
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectpsychology, bookyear1
