. Review of reviews and world's work. venue of sixty million lire from the treasury that has served to allowthe abolition of various onerous duties andtaxes. In such circumstances, the ministry hesitatesto reduce the duty, knowing the perturbation ofcommerce that will ensue, and the uncertaindurability of the price of grain makes hesitationmore natural. The variable duty would pro-vide for all these difficulties, make the graintrade stable, and in the long run the treasurywould lose nothing, as in the years of low pricesa reserve would accumulate to compensate forthe reduction of duty in times
. Review of reviews and world's work. venue of sixty million lire from the treasury that has served to allowthe abolition of various onerous duties andtaxes. In such circumstances, the ministry hesitatesto reduce the duty, knowing the perturbation ofcommerce that will ensue, and the uncertaindurability of the price of grain makes hesitationmore natural. The variable duty would pro-vide for all these difficulties, make the graintrade stable, and in the long run the treasurywould lose nothing, as in the years of low pricesa reserve would accumulate to compensate forthe reduction of duty in times like the to this system, the duty would con-sist in the difference between the actual marketprice and a fixed rate of twenty-five lire a quin-tal. A variable-tariff bill was introduced in theChamber in 1901, but not passed. THE TELEPHONE IN JAPAN. JAPAN was not far behind this part of theworld in the introduction of tlie telephone,but public exchanges were not opened until1889. Prior to that time, the telephone had. AUTOMATIC TELEPHONE (JALL-iJUX UN A STKEET OF TOKIO. been used in auxiliary police service only. Thework of establishing exchanges was finally un-dertaken as a government monopoly. In a paperby Saitoro Oi, read before the InternationalElectrical Congress at St. Louis and quoted in Cassiers for January, it is stated that an exec-utive office was opened in Tokio, and that let-ters and circulars were sent out to businessmen, to the nobility, to government officials, tomanufacturers, and, in fact, to persons of prom-inence generally. A switchboard and telephoneswere installed in the building of the TokioChamber of Commerce, and in the exchanges,and people were invited to try the instruments inorder to be convinced of their utility. Popularlectures were delivered, also, to give the publican idea of the commercial and social uses of thetelephone. Notwithstanding these unusual efforts, onlyabout seventy contracts for telephones had beenobtained in Tokio,
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, bookpublishernewyo, bookyear1890
