. European history : an outline of its development. e than this. It Charles thegave ascendency again to the German element in the nation, and it checked for a time the development of an absolutemonarchy. 146. The Government strengthened. — Pippin had won Centraiiza-his victory as the representative of a loose organization and *° of theof an independent aristocracy. But when he was once inpossession of the supreme power he naturally strove to make it as great as possible. The next stage of Prankish historythen is filled with a new conflict between the central powerin the hands of Pippin, and af
. European history : an outline of its development. e than this. It Charles thegave ascendency again to the German element in the nation, and it checked for a time the development of an absolutemonarchy. 146. The Government strengthened. — Pippin had won Centraiiza-his victory as the representative of a loose organization and *° of theof an independent aristocracy. But when he was once inpossession of the supreme power he naturally strove to make it as great as possible. The next stage of Prankish historythen is filled with a new conflict between the central powerin the hands of Pippin, and after him of his son CharlesMartel, and the aristocracy. It is a conflict in which thecentral authority was finally successful, and Charles Martel 154 The Franks, the Arabs, and the Papacy [§ 146 passed on to his son, the third Pippin, a strong governmentin which, however, he still ruled in the name of the king, nothaving ventured to try again the experiment of transferringto himself the crown in the line had once so disas-trously The Kaaba at Mecca Under Charles Martel a new line of influence of the great-est importance enters the history of Europe, having had itsrise in the Orient some time before. This was Mohamme-danism. §§ 147; 148] MoJianimcd and his Rclis^ion 155 147. Arabia before Mohammed.—Up to the time ofMohammed Arabia had had no part in the history of theworld. The most of its territory was occupied by wanderingtribes, and only along the shores of the Red Sea was there acommercial and agricultural population with some develop-ment of city life. The Arabs had no national government,nor anything which could be called a national culture orreligion. Mecca was the centre of what national feelingexisted, and there was the Kaaba, a temple full of idolsfrom many sources, under the charge of the priesdy familyof the Koreishites. Idolatry prevailed in general through-out the country, and in some parts the worship of the stars. 148. Mohammed and uis Reli
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