Army Sgt. Samantha Merryfield, a Soldier with the 328th Military Police Company, launches an RQ-11 Raven during the field training portion of a Unmanned Aerial System operator’s course on Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst, , Oct. 10, 2018. The course was held by the New Jersey Army National Guard’s 254th Regional Training Institute, which is based out of Sea Girt, ( Air National Guard photo by Master Sgt. Matt Hecht)
An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is defined as a "powered, aerial vehicle that does not carry a human operator, uses aerodynamic forces to provide vehicle lift, can fly autonomously or be piloted remotely, can be expendable or recoverable, and can carry a lethal or nonlethal payload".UAV is a term that is commonly applied to military use cases. However missiles with warheads are not considered UAVs because the vehicle itself is a munition. In deference to gender equality, the initialism is increasingly being taken to mean an Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle, however this terminology has issues with proposed autonomous aerial taxis, which would carry passengers.[citation needed] The term unmanned aircraft system (UAS) was adopted by the United States Department of Defense (DoD) and the United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in 2005 according to their Unmanned Aircraft System Roadmap 2005–2030. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the British Civil Aviation Authority adopted this term, also used in the European Union's Single-European-Sky (SES) Air-Traffic-Management (ATM) Research (SESAR Joint Undertaking) roadmap for 2020. This term emphasizes the importance of elements other than the aircraft. It includes elements such as ground control stations, data links and other support equipment. A similar term is an unmanned-aircraft vehicle system (UAVS), remotely piloted aerial vehicle (RPAV), remotely piloted aircraft system (RPAS). Many similar terms are in use. "Unoccupied" and "uninhabited" are occasionally used as gender-neutral alternatives to "unmanned". In addition to the software, autonomous drones also employ a host of advanced technologies that allow them to carry out their missions without human intervention, such as cloud computing, computer vision, artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning, and thermal sensors.
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Photo credit: © American Photo Archive / Alamy / Afripics
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