Pyelography (pyelo-ureterography) a study of the normal and pathologic anatomy of the renal pelvis and ureter . Fig. 78.—Hydronephrosis. of the normal ureter varies considerably, depending uponthe relative position of the kidney and the first segment ofthe ureter. As has been previously stated, the angle formedby the lower border of the true pelvis and the first portionof the ureter is usually wide. With the dilatation of thetrue pelvis it may, however, become acute. With a low-lying kidney, otherwise normal, the ureter may be seenleaving the pelvis by a circuitous route. However, when MECHANI
Pyelography (pyelo-ureterography) a study of the normal and pathologic anatomy of the renal pelvis and ureter . Fig. 78.—Hydronephrosis. of the normal ureter varies considerably, depending uponthe relative position of the kidney and the first segment ofthe ureter. As has been previously stated, the angle formedby the lower border of the true pelvis and the first portionof the ureter is usually wide. With the dilatation of thetrue pelvis it may, however, become acute. With a low-lying kidney, otherwise normal, the ureter may be seenleaving the pelvis by a circuitous route. However, when MECHANICAL DILATATION Hi the angle at the ureteropelvic juncture is acute, with a dis-tinct increase in the size of the pelvis and definite changesin the outline of the calyces, the course of the ureter maybe of corroboratory value in demonstrating Fig. 76 the upper ureter is seen to lie close to the vertebraa short distance below the ureteropelvic juncture. Abovethis it is tortuous to the point where it leaves the Fig. 79.—Hydronephrosis. The contour of the pelvis is unusually elongated, and themajor calyces are suggestive of an incompletely distendedearly hydronephrosis. The course of the upper uretermay be an etiologic factor of the distention. In Fig. 79the two large rounded shadows are the outlines of the dilatedcalyces and demonstrate the existence of hydronephrosisto a marked degree. Of particular interest is the tortuouscourse of the first third of the ureter after leaving the pelvis. 112 PYELOGEAPHY In Fig. 80 the dilated calyces and dim outline of the under-lying pelvis are typical of a large hydronephrosis. Thecourse of the ureter as outlined by the impregnated catheterwould be impossible. The position of the catheter is ac-counted for by the large pelvic sac in which it is outline of the ureter itself is not visible. Moderate Hydronephrosis.—With increase in size of thehydronephrosis the major calyx is seen to have become con-
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectkidneys, bookyear1915
