. Elements of comparative zoology. Zoology. 292 SYSTEMATIC ZOOLOGY. to do with the haemal arches. Hence it follows that the ribs in a fish and those in a higher vertebrate—a bird or man, for example—are not identical; , are not homol- ogous. The centra of the vertebrae may be hollow at either end (amphiccelous), as in fishes, or they may be hollow behind and rounded in front (opisthoccelous), as in the sala- manders ; or again, they may be hollow in front and convex behind (proccelous), as in many reptiles; or lastly, they may have flat surfaces, as in most mammals. The vertebral column is
. Elements of comparative zoology. Zoology. 292 SYSTEMATIC ZOOLOGY. to do with the haemal arches. Hence it follows that the ribs in a fish and those in a higher vertebrate—a bird or man, for example—are not identical; , are not homol- ogous. The centra of the vertebrae may be hollow at either end (amphiccelous), as in fishes, or they may be hollow behind and rounded in front (opisthoccelous), as in the sala- manders ; or again, they may be hollow in front and convex behind (proccelous), as in many reptiles; or lastly, they may have flat surfaces, as in most mammals. The vertebral column is capable of division into FIG. 102.—Diagram of the skeleton of a mammal, showing regions of vertebral column, etc. d, cervical; e, thoracic; /, lumbar; g, sacral; h, caudal verte- bra; i, scapula; k, humerus; I, radius; m, carpus; n, ulna; o, metacarpus; p, pelvis; r, femur; s, fibula; t, tibia; M, tarsus; v, metatarsus; w, phalanges; y, sternum. In the fishes there are two of these, trunk and caudal, the former being distinguished by bearing ribs. In the Am- phibia a cervical region is distinguished from the trunk by the absence of transverse processes from its single vertebra, while the caudal is separated from the trunk by a sacral. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Kingsley, J. S. (John Sterling), 1854-1929. New York, H. Holt and Company
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booksubjectzoology, bookyear1904
