. The ecology of delta marshes of coastal Louisiana : a community profile . Penaeid shrimp Blue crab Sea catfish Blue catfish Channel catfish Largemouth bass Black drum Red drum Striped mullet Silver perch Spotted gar Alligator gar Yellow bass f ^F~)» Microbes * I Detmus j'-f I J 1 Macro- Denthos MetobenTfTos Clapper rail Sora Belted kingfisher Fish crow Black duck Least bittern Northern shoveler Hooded merganser American avocet Western sandpiper Solitary sandpiper Wilson's phalarope Common snipe Dunlin Piping plover Kill deer Speckled trout Gizzard shad Hogchoker Pinfish (juvenile) Spot Tidew
. The ecology of delta marshes of coastal Louisiana : a community profile . Penaeid shrimp Blue crab Sea catfish Blue catfish Channel catfish Largemouth bass Black drum Red drum Striped mullet Silver perch Spotted gar Alligator gar Yellow bass f ^F~)» Microbes * I Detmus j'-f I J 1 Macro- Denthos MetobenTfTos Clapper rail Sora Belted kingfisher Fish crow Black duck Least bittern Northern shoveler Hooded merganser American avocet Western sandpiper Solitary sandpiper Wilson's phalarope Common snipe Dunlin Piping plover Kill deer Speckled trout Gizzard shad Hogchoker Pinfish (juvenile) Spot Tidewater silverside Atlantic croaker American alligator Snapping turtle Mississippi mud turtle Red-eared turtle Graham's water snake Western ribbon snake Figure 54. Major pathways of organic marsh and associated water bodies. energy \/^^ Muskrat --v-^ Raccoon I Mink River otter r^^ Deposii 5 Feeders Southern painted turtle Sheepshead Pinfish American coot Brown snake Canada goose Garter snake Seaside sparrow Nutria Pied-billed grebe 6 Eared grebe Oyster Great blue heron Mussels Little blue heron Clams Green heron Snowy egret Gulf menhaden Great egret Threadfin shad Glossy ibis Sand seatrout White ibis Bay anchovy King rail Atlantic croaker Virginia rai 1 ( < 25 mm) / flow in a Mississi ppi River deltaic salt macrofauna to fish is long. The overall energy transferred to the nektonic level is a small fraction of primary production. Figure 54 also shows a feedback loop from macrobenthos to detritus. Macrobenthic animals actively shred and break up detritus in their feeding activity, increasing its surface area and making it more readily decomposed. For example, Valiel a et al. (1982) estimated that exclosures that keep detritivores away from decaying litter reduce the decomposition rate by as much as 30-50 percent. Nekton Numerous fish species are found in the delta marshes (Appendix 3). These include a broad array of year-round residents with varying salinity tolerance 61
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