. The railroad and engineering journal . s of solid carbon which are set free andwhich then assume the form of soot. This can be illustrated ifwe cut a hole in a card, d d, fig. 336, so as to fit over an ordinarygas-burner b. If we then light the gas and place a glass chim-ney, a a, over the burner and let it rest on the card, it will be • The New Chemistry, by J. P. Cooke, Jr. 32 THE RAILROAD AND [January, l88g. found that the flame will at once begin to smoke, because verylittle air can then come in contact with the flame, and thereforewhen the fine particles of carbon are set free bv the co
. The railroad and engineering journal . s of solid carbon which are set free andwhich then assume the form of soot. This can be illustrated ifwe cut a hole in a card, d d, fig. 336, so as to fit over an ordinarygas-burner b. If we then light the gas and place a glass chim-ney, a a, over the burner and let it rest on the card, it will be • The New Chemistry, by J. P. Cooke, Jr. 32 THE RAILROAD AND [January, l88g. found that the flame will at once begin to smoke, because verylittle air can then come in contact with the flame, and thereforewhen the fine particles of carbon are set free bv the combustionof the hydrogen, instead of being burned, as they would be ifthe air with its supply of oxygen were not excluded from iheflame by the chimney, they escape unconsumed in the form offine black ponder or soot. If we raise the chimney up from rhecard, as shown in fig. 337, so as to leave enough space betweenthem at the bottom of the chimney to permit air to enter so asto supply the flame with oxygen, the smoke will instantly cease. Fig- 336- Pig- 337- as the particles of carbon are then consumed. The same prin-ciple is illustrated in an ordinary kerosene lamp. It is wellknown that without a chimney the flames of nearly all suchlamps smoke intolerably, whereas with a glass chimney and thepeculiarly formed deflector which surrounds the wick the lightburns without smoke unless the wick is turned up high. Theetlfect of the chimney is to produce a draft which is thrownagainst the flame bv the deflector, and thus a sufficient supplyof is furnished to consume all the particles of carbon,whereas without the draft produced by the chimney the supplyof oxygen is insuflicient to ignite all the carbon, which thenescapes in the form of smoke or soot. It must not, however, be hastily assumed that if the flamedoes not give out a bright light, therefore the combustion is notcomplete. As has already been stated, the light of the gasflame is due to the presence of burning particles
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1880, booksubjectrailroa, bookyear1887
