. Science of railways . s frequently subjectto undue pressures, sometimes approaching the fullboiler pressure carried on the locomotive; this mightbe caused from improperly closing valves near thehead end of the train, or more usually from defectivepressure regulators on the locomotive. Then, too,more danger and delay are attendant upon the burst-ing of a steam hose than that of an air hose. Considerable difficulty has been experienced indesigning a satisfactory flexible coupling for all pur-poses, that should of necessity be easy of couplingand uncouphng. Inasmuch as the locomotive andtender
. Science of railways . s frequently subjectto undue pressures, sometimes approaching the fullboiler pressure carried on the locomotive; this mightbe caused from improperly closing valves near thehead end of the train, or more usually from defectivepressure regulators on the locomotive. Then, too,more danger and delay are attendant upon the burst-ing of a steam hose than that of an air hose. Considerable difficulty has been experienced indesigning a satisfactory flexible coupling for all pur-poses, that should of necessity be easy of couplingand uncouphng. Inasmuch as the locomotive andtender require to be less frequently disconnected than 183 184 LOCOMOTIVE APPLIANCES. other parts of the train, it is but natural that a sat-isfactory metallic connection between these shouldhave first been put into extensive practice. Although a large number of such devices havebeen used locally on various railways, it will bethe intention to here describe only those whichhave been used extensively in all parts of I ^Free to turn FiQ. 1. Section of Swivel Jointi Mclaughlinsflexiblemetallic CONDUIT. For conveyingsteam or air betweenlocomotive and ten-der. The joints in thepipe are made byswiveling elbows. A nipple, with an enlarged end, is inserted inthe bore of the elbow, and is free to turn therein,but is held in place by a cup nut, against whichthe shoulder, or enlargement of the elbow,bears. A ring of vulcanized rubber is inserted be-tween these surfaces to make a tight joint and toprovide for taking up wear. While adapted to and used for a large number ofpurposes requiring flexible connections, the mostsevere test has been made in connectinsr locomo- LOCOMOTIVE APPLIANCES. 185
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