. Bonner zoologische Beiträge : Herausgeber: Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn. Biology; Zoology. Ontogeny of social behaviour in canids 107 in an agonistic context among wolves were seen during the observation period solely in form of ritualized fighting on a high level of complexity (Feddersen-Petersen in prep.). Poodles fight in a much less ritualized manner. An attack launched by a dominant poodle male escalated in 70 % of the observed cases to grabbing and bite- shaking regardless of the opponent's reaction. Group aggression (Hassenstein 1980) was often the
. Bonner zoologische Beiträge : Herausgeber: Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn. Biology; Zoology. Ontogeny of social behaviour in canids 107 in an agonistic context among wolves were seen during the observation period solely in form of ritualized fighting on a high level of complexity (Feddersen-Petersen in prep.). Poodles fight in a much less ritualized manner. An attack launched by a dominant poodle male escalated in 70 % of the observed cases to grabbing and bite- shaking regardless of the opponent's reaction. Group aggression (Hassenstein 1980) was often the result when all group members joined a collective attack on the threatened animal. The so-called "underdog" lacking in social rights is quite com- mon in poodle-groupings these being characterized by the absence of a fine-tiered social hierarchy. The social distance between the high ranking animal or animals and the rest of the group is large. Mixed poodle-wolf-groups The relative frequency of play is further reduced in mixed poodle-wolf-groupings (the total lying under the poodle norm) and a further increase of agonistic behaviour pat- terns in poodles directed towards the wolves is the rule. The wolves, in contrast, show remarkably often appeasement behaviour toward the poodles and are "submissive". Poodles react in most cases aggressively in response to the wolves' attempts to play (fig. 10). This is particularly true in regard to mimical play signals typical in wolves. However, even summons to play such as playful throwing of oneself to the ground, jumping around, jumping on one another or playful attacks rarely lead to social play but are instead the prelude to social attacks by the poodles. In contrast, the wolves spielerisch playful aggressiv aggressive ? Nicht beachtung non-notice % 100 90 80 70 50 50 30 20 10 0. V-T-St. Pföt. Pfot. oufl. Anspr Umspr Hinw. 1. V-Schl. Tonz. wolfstypisch typical of wolves V-T-St. = Vorderkorp
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