. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 486 DOROTHY F. TRAVIS and blood was withdrawn from the large antennal sinus. The blood was placed in test tubes with anticoagulant added, and the cellular elements were allowed to aggregate with gentle shaking, after which the tubes were centrifuged and the plasma removed for analysis. It should be pointed out that the anticoagulant used was a natural one obtained from the animal's own blood and tissues. This was collected by splitting the animal dorso-ventrally down the midline and allowing the anticoagulant contained in th
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 486 DOROTHY F. TRAVIS and blood was withdrawn from the large antennal sinus. The blood was placed in test tubes with anticoagulant added, and the cellular elements were allowed to aggregate with gentle shaking, after which the tubes were centrifuged and the plasma removed for analysis. It should be pointed out that the anticoagulant used was a natural one obtained from the animal's own blood and tissues. This was collected by splitting the animal dorso-ventrally down the midline and allowing the anticoagulant contained in the blackened blood to collect in a white enamel tray. The crude blackish material was centrifuged and the supernatant decanted from a gray precipitate. Three drops or ml. of the black supernatant per ml. of blood was enough to prevent coagulation. This amount of the crude anticoagulant con- tained approximately mg. of Ca. Appropriate corrections in the plasma cal-. FIGURE 2. Urine was withdrawn from excretory openings, one of which is indicated by the arrow, after the animals were immobilized, dorsal side down, to an operating board. cium values were accordingly made. If kept in the refrigerator, such crude mate- rial is stable for as long as 6 months. Numanoi (1938) found a similar natural anticoagulant in the hepatopancreas of Litjia. No such substance could be obtained from the hepatopancreas of Pannlinis either upon allowing the liver to stand or upon trituration. These natural anticoagulants of Crustacea apparently prevent the explosion of explosive cells, thus inhibiting the clotting process. The problems of the origin, properties, and identity of the anticoagulant are interesting ones for further investigations. For urine calcium analyses, the animal was secured to the operating board as indicated in Figure 2. Clear urine was withdrawn by inserting the rounded, smooth tip of the needle of a hypodermic syringe between the two flaps which guard the excretory opening
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