Various types of trephines, spring forceps, a lenticular, a raspatory, and a scalpel, used for trepanning. Trepanning is a surgical intervention in which a hole is drilled or scraped into the human skull, exposing the dura mater to treat health problems related to intracranial diseases. Cave paintings indicate that people believed the practice would cure epileptic seizures, migraines, mental disorders and the bone that was trepanned was kept as a charm to keep evil spirits away.
Trepanning Tools, 18th Century
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