. The English house, how to judge its periods and styles. ehall is one story high, with a fine open timberroof. Its double collar-beams are very strong,and the stone corbels upon which the archedcollar-braces rest are large and upright, withearly English mouldings deeply cut. At thenorth and south ends the hall is flanked by apart-ments. The north side has a good cellar, witha loophole ; a small tower juts out from it, andis built in a moat, which is about twenty-two feetwide. Above this tower and cellar is a secondstory, having rooms of wood and plaster, con-nected with the hall by a timber s
. The English house, how to judge its periods and styles. ehall is one story high, with a fine open timberroof. Its double collar-beams are very strong,and the stone corbels upon which the archedcollar-braces rest are large and upright, withearly English mouldings deeply cut. At thenorth and south ends the hall is flanked by apart-ments. The north side has a good cellar, witha loophole ; a small tower juts out from it, andis built in a moat, which is about twenty-two feetwide. Above this tower and cellar is a secondstory, having rooms of wood and plaster, con-nected with the hall by a timber staircase. Atthe south end is a square door with a trefoiledhead ; it leads to some lower rooms ; and abovethem we find the solar, two tiny windows look-ing from it into the hall, so that nothing maygo on there without the lords knowledge,These sentry windows were general and veryuseful during the Middle Ages, because a com-mon life in halls required careful solar at Stokesay—we call it a drawing-room in our modern homes—has lost much of. t^ ?^ < IR X O J3 < a <u z w ^ H HENRY III. AND THE HOME 117 its original character, for its elaborately carvedchimney-piece belongs to Elizabethan art, likethe gate-house. Those lower rooms on the south side, alreadymentioned, have much interest, a passage leadingfrom them to the great keep, a tower very un-usual in form, and commandingly designed andbuilt. It is an irregular polygon, and fromoutside it appears to be a double octagonaltower. There are three stories, lighted bysingle or double lancet windows; the parapetis battlemented, and pierced with these apertures had shutters. The roof canhardly be seen, but it is conical. Two circularchimneys, old as the masonry, are found on thesouth side. Below, indoors, the rooms areirregularly planned, and their windows are setobliquely to the walls, proving how afraid menused to be of archers and flights of barbedarrows. A staircase in the wall goes up to thes
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