Woodworking for beginners; a manual for amateurs . ges into them and thenwetting the wedges, when the stone will split? Do youthink nails or screws or glue will stop a force which will dothat ? You cannot prevent the swelling and the shrinking anymore than you can repress a boys animal spirits. You maybe able to crush the wood, but so long as it remains a sound,natural board it must swell and shrink. What shall you do then ? Why/ just the same as with theboy; give it a reasonable amount of play^ and a properamount of guidance, and there will be no trouble. Youmust put y^our work together so as
Woodworking for beginners; a manual for amateurs . ges into them and thenwetting the wedges, when the stone will split? Do youthink nails or screws or glue will stop a force which will dothat ? You cannot prevent the swelling and the shrinking anymore than you can repress a boys animal spirits. You maybe able to crush the wood, but so long as it remains a sound,natural board it must swell and shrink. What shall you do then ? Why/ just the same as with theboy; give it a reasonable amount of play^ and a properamount of guidance, and there will be no trouble. Youmust put y^our work together so as to allow for the expan-sion and contraction which you cannot prevent. You willfind abundant examples, in alinost every house, of work The peculiarity of the wood is that the water is not simply drawn in to(ill up what we call tlie pores, as in chalk or any ordinary porous inorganicsubstance, but enters into the very fibre of the body, forcing apart the minutesolid particles with an extraordinary force which does not seem to be fully Laying Out the Work 53 which has spht or come apart or warped because properallowance was not made for this swelling and shrinking. Sotry to avoid these errors so common even among workmenwho should know better. For instance, if you were to put cleats on one side of adrawing-board three feet wide, and were to firmly glue thecleats for their wholelength (Fig. 35) —yousometimes see suchthings done,—you wouldprobably not have to waitmany weeks before youwould hear a report likea toy pistol, and the cleatswould be loosened for atleast part of their length, because of the expansion or contraction of the cases are continually occurring. In such casesthe cleats should be screwed, the screws having playenough in their holes to allow for the changes in the board(see Appendix). You must also make plenty of allowance for planing downedges and surfaces and for the wood wasted by sawing. Norule can be set for these allowances. If
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