. European history : an outline of its development. m of government had as yet beendevised which could combine centralization and a definiteand continuous policy for a great state with a democraticconstitution, capable of holding the administration to a realresponsibility to the people. A monarchy was the only pos- §93] C(zsar s Mcasit res 97 sibility, and this Caesar proposed to establish in some had himselfmade dictator forlife; he was al-lowed to retain inRome the title andpowers of the im-perator, that is, ofthe general in thefield; and he wasalso given the pow-ers of the tribunefo
. European history : an outline of its development. m of government had as yet beendevised which could combine centralization and a definiteand continuous policy for a great state with a democraticconstitution, capable of holding the administration to a realresponsibility to the people. A monarchy was the only pos- §93] C(zsar s Mcasit res 97 sibility, and this Caesar proposed to establish in some had himselfmade dictator forlife; he was al-lowed to retain inRome the title andpowers of the im-perator, that is, ofthe general in thefield; and he wasalso given the pow-ers of the tribunefor life. 93. CaesarsMeasures.—Csesarused his powerwithgreat moderation,and showed hisintention to be thehead of the state,and not merely ofa party; but hiswill was law inevery part of thegovernment. Inthe reforms whichhe inaugurated heshowed as great agenius for states-manship as he hadfor war in his con-quest of regulation ofthe currency, theimprovement ofthe condition ofthe small farmer and of the free laborer, the limitation of the H. Caesarsreforms. : ^- Jt-- Cleopatra, with her Cartouche 98 TJie Begiiming of the Ccesars [§94 The assassi-nation ,yulius Ccesar(Drama). The SecondTriumvirate. Octavius soleruler, 31 food distributions to the poor of Rome, the rehef of debtors,the estabUshment of a direct responsibihty of the provincialgovernors and tax-collectors, the founding of citizen colo-nies outside of Italy, and the extension of the Latin rightand even of the suffrage to provincial towns, — these aremeasures which give evidence of wise political judgment andof a desire to cure the evils of the state. But Cresar was not allowed to carry his plans to comple-tion. Not all in Rome were yet convinced that the mon-archy was a necessity. A conspiracy was formed of avariety of elements, in which Brutus represented an honestdesire to reestablish the Republic and Cassius personal spite,and Caesar was murdered in the Senate chamber at the footof
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