From Gretna Green to Land's End : a literary journey in England . long reaches of the Yorkshiremoors on our right, and on our left thecloud-caressed summits of Lakeland, weneeded all the space there was for our ex-ultant ohs and ahs, not to mention our con-tinual rushing from window to window forthe swiftly vanishing views of grey castle andruined abbey, peel tower and stone sheep-fold, grange and hamlet, and the pearly,ever-changing panorama of the mist. Carlisle, the Border City, a clean, self-respecting, serious town, without beggars,with no superfluous street courtesies, but witheffectual


From Gretna Green to Land's End : a literary journey in England . long reaches of the Yorkshiremoors on our right, and on our left thecloud-caressed summits of Lakeland, weneeded all the space there was for our ex-ultant ohs and ahs, not to mention our con-tinual rushing from window to window forthe swiftly vanishing views of grey castle andruined abbey, peel tower and stone sheep-fold, grange and hamlet, and the pearly,ever-changing panorama of the mist. Carlisle, the Border City, a clean, self-respecting, serious town, without beggars,with no superfluous street courtesies, but witheffectual aid in need, is the heart of one of themost storied regions of England. The RiverDrift man and the Cave man seem to havefought the mammoth and the elk and gonetheir shadowy way untraced in this locality,but the museum in TuUie House containshammers and axes, found in Cumberland soil,of the Stone Age, and spear-heads and arrow-heads, urns for human ashes, incense cups,food vessels and drinking vessels of the BronzeAge, — mute memorials of life that once was 2. , NUTLCY THE BORDER lived so eagerly beneath these same soft,brooding skies. As for the Romans, they seem here like arace of yesterday. A penny tram took us,in the clear, quiet light of what at home wouldbe the middle of the evening, out to Stanwix,originally, it is believed, an important stationin the series of fortresses that guarded thenorthern boundary of Roman Britain. Thesefrontier lines consisted of a great stone wall,eight feet thick and eighteen feet high, ditched,and set with forts and towers, running straightfrom the Solway to the Tyne, a distance ofsome seventy-three miles, and a little to thesouth of this, what is known as the vallum,a fosse with mounds of soil and rock on eitherside. The local antiquaries, urged on by acommittee of Oxford men, have recently dis-covered a third wall, built of sods, betweenthe two, and excavation and discussion havereceived a fresh impetus. Was the vallumbuilt by A


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