An essay on the history of electrotherapy and diagnosis; . ational basis. But even with primitive apparatus important discoverieswere made soon after the discovery of the voltaic cell. In1800 Nicholson and Carlisle produced the electrolysis ofwater, and in 1807 Davy succeeded in liberating sodium andpotassium from their fused hydrates by the same means. Thebatteries in use were, however, still of the same simple type asbefore, and as Becquerel wrote (in 1834), En 1820, la sciencee4ectrique se trouvait dans un etat stationnaire. However,in 1819, Oersted, Professor at Copenhagen, published hisac
An essay on the history of electrotherapy and diagnosis; . ational basis. But even with primitive apparatus important discoverieswere made soon after the discovery of the voltaic cell. In1800 Nicholson and Carlisle produced the electrolysis ofwater, and in 1807 Davy succeeded in liberating sodium andpotassium from their fused hydrates by the same means. Thebatteries in use were, however, still of the same simple type asbefore, and as Becquerel wrote (in 1834), En 1820, la sciencee4ectrique se trouvait dans un etat stationnaire. However,in 1819, Oersted, Professor at Copenhagen, published hisaccount of the action of the electric current upon the magneticneedle; a discovery which, according to Becquerel, did not 40 AN ESSAY ON THE reach Paris until July, 1820. This, and the discovery of thegalvanic multiplier by Schweiger about a year later, madethe galvanometer possible, while Ohm formulated the lawwhich bears his name in 1827. It may be noted that the application of the current from anelectric battery was early known as galvanisation, instead. Sir Humphry Davy. of (what would historically have been more correct) vol-taisation. In view of the comparatively frequent occurrence of vesicalcalculus, and the difficulties of operation in pre-anaestheticand pre-antiseptic days, it is not surprising that electricaltreatment by the voltaic pile was early suggested. The firstsuggestions seem to have been those of Bouvier de Mortier in1801, of Morgiardini and Lando in 1803, and of Gruithuisen HISTORY OF ELECTROTHERAPY 41 in 1815. In 1823, Prevost and Dumas performed experi-ments upon human calculi placed in water, and afterwardsupon similar bodies introduced into the bladder of a livingbitch. In the latter case a fusible calculus was introducedby means of a sound, and the electrodes were so adjusted thatthey touched it on opposite sides. Water was injected into
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