. Cassier's magazine. ave a minimumrate, which preferably should cover aminimum number of messages. This tends to give the customer thetelephone habit. If the minimum ratedoes not cover a certain number ofmessages, the customer, feeling that hehas to pay for each and every messagefrom the start, is apt to be very eco-nomical in his use of messages, and heacquires the telephone habit but slowly. After the minimum rate, the chargeshould vary solely with the number ofmessages. In determining what should be the base rate per message, or theminimum rate for a minimum amount ofservice, it is necessa
. Cassier's magazine. ave a minimumrate, which preferably should cover aminimum number of messages. This tends to give the customer thetelephone habit. If the minimum ratedoes not cover a certain number ofmessages, the customer, feeling that hehas to pay for each and every messagefrom the start, is apt to be very eco-nomical in his use of messages, and heacquires the telephone habit but slowly. After the minimum rate, the chargeshould vary solely with the number ofmessages. In determining what should be the base rate per message, or theminimum rate for a minimum amount ofservice, it is necessary to study in detailthe cost of construction, maintenanceand operation of the plant according tothe local conditions; and in fixing therate per message, while the extent ofthe area is the first point to be consid-ered, there are also various other con-siderations, such as the general operat-ing cost as modified by proportion ofjunction working, the cost of night serv-ice, of monitor service and of STEAM ENGINEERING IN \9Q4 By Charles Hurst IN future years, when another historyof the development of steam and itsapplications comes to be written, itis probable that the year 1904 will be con-spicuous for the strides made in steamturbine manufacture. The decisionof the committee appointed by the Cun-ard Company to consider the advisabil-ity of employing turbines for the newAtlantic liners now approaching com-pletion is a notable event in engineeringhistory, for if the proposed type of en-gine realises the expectations of the de-signers, there is little doubt that theturbine will soon be largely adopted forocean mail and passenger services, andat no distant period for cargo land the use of the steam turbinehas extended considerably in the pastyear, but it cannot yet be said that it is displacing the reciprocating high-speedengine. In certain situations, wherecondensing water and superheated steamare available, and where space is limited,turbines have
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