. The Canadian horticulturist [monthly], 1887. Gardening; Canadian periodicals. 92 THE CANADIAN HORTICULTDRIST with tough paper saturated witli linseed oil, and then wrapped with old cloths, and so left until the 20th of August, when a new bark will be formed over the wound. This bai'k is formed by the exudation of cellular material from the sap-wood, the same way that a callous is formed over a cut I'oot or scion when packed in damp sand or saw-dust. We have often tried banking a gnawed tree with earth, where the wound was still quite fresh and not too large. The degree of success was suf- fi


. The Canadian horticulturist [monthly], 1887. Gardening; Canadian periodicals. 92 THE CANADIAN HORTICULTDRIST with tough paper saturated witli linseed oil, and then wrapped with old cloths, and so left until the 20th of August, when a new bark will be formed over the wound. This bai'k is formed by the exudation of cellular material from the sap-wood, the same way that a callous is formed over a cut I'oot or scion when packed in damp sand or saw-dust. We have often tried banking a gnawed tree with earth, where the wound was still quite fresh and not too large. The degree of success was suf- ficient to lead us to endorse the plan described above as worth trying. The plan, so of- ten commended, of trying to bridge over the wounded idwPWK' V immsxnBKxxn surface with scions '^^^^^Wl^^^a^m ^^ yo^^i^o wood, as shown in the ac- companying illustration, is good, but is almost sure to fail with inexperienced hands. And failure means the loss of a year's time before the tree is replaced. Hotbeds need air, water, sunshine, and a constant vigilance ; for cold frames the same rules are equally necessary. I do not think a single advantage can be claimed for hotbed sash of any other size than 3x6 feet. These need to be made of the best pine, 2 inches thick, with horns at each end to move them by. They should be set with 6x8 double thick glass, bedded, tacked and puttied and well painted with white lead. Such sash, with good care, and well housed in the time when not in use, will last a life-time.—Farm and THE SUBSOIL PLOW AS A DRAINING MACHINE. BY J. TWEDliLE, STOXRY CREEK. The time has come in our experience in fruit growing, when we ax'e convinced that it is useless to plant out orchards, vineyai'ds, and small fruits in cold or wet lands, without first draining and subsoil ploughing. Underdraining is made doubly effective by subsoiling crosswise of the drains, thus opening uj) the soil to a depth of 12 to 15 in., and thereby leading the sur2:)lus water quickly to the dr


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