The village community : with special reference to the origin and form of its survivals in Britain . or hides. There are curious details of the method of occupation. Thecommon field was occupied in yard-lands. There were altogetherin the parish eighty yard-lands, each comprehending aboutthirty acres of the common field, with a right of pasturage for fourheads and a half of cattle and twenty-four sheep to every yard-land. The cattle were kept in two distinct herds of about onehundred and eighty in each, and pastured on different sides ofthe parish, attended each by a herdsman and assistant. They
The village community : with special reference to the origin and form of its survivals in Britain . or hides. There are curious details of the method of occupation. Thecommon field was occupied in yard-lands. There were altogetherin the parish eighty yard-lands, each comprehending aboutthirty acres of the common field, with a right of pasturage for fourheads and a half of cattle and twenty-four sheep to every yard-land. The cattle were kept in two distinct herds of about onehundred and eighty in each, and pastured on different sides ofthe parish, attended each by a herdsman and assistant. Theywere driven home at night through the summer, separated, toeach one his own, confined in yards or home closes during thenight, and sent out again in the morning to pasture in thegrass land of the common field. After harvest they were leftat large in the common field till wheat seed-time. The sheepgrazed promiscuously on the grass plots of the fallow field ; or,if the owner thought proper, on his own enclosures during theday time, and every night were folded on the fallows, each ones CHIPPENHAM. Boundary of Old Muncipal BoroughBoundaries of Parishes or Tawnsiiips Scale 4 Inches to a Mile ^ K Ualker &? Boiitallsc. BpSTC:COLLEGE OF LiaERAL ART THE CHIPPENHAM VILLAGE COMMUNITY. 173 flock on his own land, the distinct occupations being dispersedand intermixed throughout every part of each field, and everyoccupier having land in all directions.^ One thing cannot fail to be noted here, that the manor isnot a necessary factor in the history of this community. If itexists it is shut out of sight by the organization into farmsof four yard-lands each —the farmer taking his place in thevillage in lineal succession to the village owner of the home-stead. The farms are not broken up into manorial tenanciesof single yard-lands or half yard-lands, each tenant performinghis pro rata service to the manor; but each bundle of fouryard-lands is preserved in the farmstead as in the hide at Astonin
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