. Cyclopedia of farm crops. Farm produce; Agriculture. or round potato is an example, and also the creeping rhizomes of quack-grass and other grasses. It will be noted, from this discussion, that the botanist, by the word stem, means to designate the leaf- bearing axis and its branches and modifications, and not the stalks of leaves and flowers. Thus, in the plantain and dandelion (Figs. 5, 26), the stem is very short, bearing a rosette of leaves at the ground ; and from this arise the flower-stalks. In useful products, the stem provides timber, some of the fibers, and much of the forage ; and
. Cyclopedia of farm crops. Farm produce; Agriculture. or round potato is an example, and also the creeping rhizomes of quack-grass and other grasses. It will be noted, from this discussion, that the botanist, by the word stem, means to designate the leaf- bearing axis and its branches and modifications, and not the stalks of leaves and flowers. Thus, in the plantain and dandelion (Figs. 5, 26), the stem is very short, bearing a rosette of leaves at the ground ; and from this arise the flower-stalks. In useful products, the stem provides timber, some of the fibers, and much of the forage ; and it also provides human food, as in the potato, asparagus, onion, kohlrabi, sugar-cane. The leaves arise normally from the joints or nodes of the stem. Usually a bud is borne in the axil or upper angle made by the leaf with the stem. The bud is a very short and unde- veloped branch. If the plant is dormant a part of the year in consequence of cold or dry, or because of other hereditary habit, the leaf usually falls and the bud remains quiescent till the growing season returns : it is then spoken of as a winter bud. Sometimes the bud remains quiescent, but alive, for a longer period, in rare cases even for years : it is then called a dormant bud (Fig. 6). The older the dormant bud, the less the likelihood that it will grow, in case necessity should arise. The common notion that old dor- mant buds are readily forced into growth by pruning needs correction. In cases of heavy pruning, new shoots on old wood are more likely to arise from buds that are formed for the occasion, without reference to leaves and with- out order; these are known as adventitious buds (Fig. 7). If the bud " grows,"—that is, if anything issues from it—it produces a branch. The branch may be exceedingly short, and bear only one or two leaves, or it may be several feet long and bear many leaves. If its destiny is to produce only foliage, it is known as a leaf-bud; if to produce flowers, it is kno
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