. The book of wheat : an economic history and practical manual of the wheat industry. ed INSECT ENEMIES OF WHEAT 177 regions. From 1889 to 1897 they wrought frightful havoc inArgentina, visiting 347,000,000 acres in the latter year, anddestroying 30 per cent of the crops. From 1897 to 1900 theArgentine government spent over $7,000,000 in an attempt toexterminate them. The limit of the invaded region was steadilypushed northward, until in 1901 locusts were entirely absentfrom the wheat area. They came into Argentina from Bo-livia, the territory of the Chaco, and western Brazil. Bar-celona, Spai
. The book of wheat : an economic history and practical manual of the wheat industry. ed INSECT ENEMIES OF WHEAT 177 regions. From 1889 to 1897 they wrought frightful havoc inArgentina, visiting 347,000,000 acres in the latter year, anddestroying 30 per cent of the crops. From 1897 to 1900 theArgentine government spent over $7,000,000 in an attempt toexterminate them. The limit of the invaded region was steadilypushed northward, until in 1901 locusts were entirely absentfrom the wheat area. They came into Argentina from Bo-livia, the territory of the Chaco, and western Brazil. Bar-celona, Spain, rej^orted a plague of locusts spreading in 1902. Inwest central Asia, between Askabad and Krasnovodsk, the cerealand cotton crops are commonly devastated by locusts. In 1903,50,000 roubles were set aside to be devoted to the destructionof the insects eggs in trans-Caspia. It is claimed that sackedflour piled on open railway trucks near Krasnovodsk was de-voured by clouds of rapacious locusts in an incredibly shorttime.^ In the United States during the early seventies the grass-. h WHEAT plant-louse: a, WINGED ADULT; h, FEMALE*, C, NYMPH. ENLARGED hoppers used to invade Kansas so they would block railroadtrains and destroy all vegetation. In the Red river valleythey appeared in great clouds which cleaned the countryquite thorouglily on their flight.^ These invasions seem tohave come mainly from the permanent breeding grounds of theRocky Mountain locust {Caloptenus spretus Uhler). Thesegrounds were located approximately between the meridians of102 and 112 degrees, and between the 40th and 55th parallels. 1 Mo. Sum. Commerce and Finance, Feb., 1904, p. 2818. - Industrial Commission, 10:759. 3 Proc. Tri-State Grain Growers Assn. 1900, p. 184. 178 THE BOOK OF WHEAT East of this territory was a frequently invaded strip about fivedegrees in width. A great scope of territory farther east,south, and west was periodically visited when the natural con-ditions on the permanent breeding
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