. Revised and enlarged ed. of the science of railways . classes are carried in one car. Thus,if traffic is small and divided, a car may be appor-tioned to accommodate first, second, third andeven fourth class, a compartment being set apartfor Imggage. The apportionment of cars to thedifferent classes of travel is made to conform toactual needs. If there is demaud for a first-classcar, it is allotted; if only a portion of a car isneeded, then only a portion is set aside for thispurpose. Thus the cars conform to the higher grade of compartment cars ofrecent construction, lavatori
. Revised and enlarged ed. of the science of railways . classes are carried in one car. Thus,if traffic is small and divided, a car may be appor-tioned to accommodate first, second, third andeven fourth class, a compartment being set apartfor Imggage. The apportionment of cars to thedifferent classes of travel is made to conform toactual needs. If there is demaud for a first-classcar, it is allotted; if only a portion of a car isneeded, then only a portion is set aside for thispurpose. Thus the cars conform to the higher grade of compartment cars ofrecent construction, lavatories are provided, butthese luxuries are not general in compartmentcars of the lower grades. The passenger coachesused in Europe and, indeed, throughout theworld, are in the main of the compartment manufacturers have not constructedany cars of thispattern either foruse at home orabroad. In Ger-many and Austria,the American formof coach, with anentrance at eitherend, is taking theplace of the com-partment car. The higher grade of trains in. Device for Changing Trucks from NarrowGauge to Wide Gauge, and Vice-versa. 204 RAILWAY EQUIPMENT. these countries are vestibuled, as in we call the vestibule car, they desig-nate, because of its form, the Harmonica or Ac-cordion. The air-brake is very generally usedby the railways iii Europe. It is destined tobecome universal in its application because of itsconvenience and value as a safety appliance. Inmany instances, especially in central and easternEurope, steam from the locomotive is utilizedfor heating purposes. Oftentimes, however, theold-fashioned warming pan and hot water bottleare made to do service. The method of couplingcars by chains, so generally practiced abroad, ismuch inferior to the automatic coupler generallyin use throughout America. In some cases,Pintsch lights and electricity are used in othercountries, as they are in America, but in manyinstances a candle or oil lamp serves, as in primi-tive day
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