Nervous and mental diseases . hirdnerve are also brought into re-lation with the orbicular mus-cles of the lids by nuclear con-nection with the facial accommodation and lightreflex are thereby correlated tothe act of winking and the posi-tion of the palpebral upon the studies ofSchaefer, Unverricht, Danillo,Munk, and his own experi-ments, Roux ^ asserts that the oculomotor apparatus has a double corticalrepresentation ; first an anterior one at the foot of the second frontalconvolution, and, second, a posterior center in the occipital region. VonBechterew ^ also conten
Nervous and mental diseases . hirdnerve are also brought into re-lation with the orbicular mus-cles of the lids by nuclear con-nection with the facial accommodation and lightreflex are thereby correlated tothe act of winking and the posi-tion of the palpebral upon the studies ofSchaefer, Unverricht, Danillo,Munk, and his own experi-ments, Roux ^ asserts that the oculomotor apparatus has a double corticalrepresentation ; first an anterior one at the foot of the second frontalconvolution, and, second, a posterior center in the occipital region. VonBechterew ^ also contends that irritation of the anterior margin of theoccipital lobe in the dog produces narrowing of the pupil and increaseof accommodative effort. The various ocular muscles serve to move the globe in the orbit in the directions indicated by their names ; but the superior and inferior recti, owing to the oblique direction from the apex of the orbit to their 1 .\rch. de Neurol., Sept., 1899. ^ Neurolog. Centralblatt, May, 1900. KH. Fig. 36.—Diagrammatic longitudinal section of themid-brain, showing the relation of the nuclear centersfor the ocular muscles (after Brissaud). DISEASES OF THE OCULAR NERVES. 109 insertion, also draw the eyeball toward the nose and rotate it is counteracted by the oblique muscles and the external rectus, butthe oblique muscles also act in convergence. Convergence of the eyes,necessary for all close vision^ is thus much better provided for than theopposite action. Voluntary divergent squint is impossible. The motor nerves of the eye may be diseased (1) at their nuclearorigin, (2) in their intracerebral course, (3) in their intracranial coursefrom apparent origin to their cranial outlets, and (4) within the groups of symptoms are produced : (1) Pupillary variations, (2)disturbance of accommodation, (3) muscular incompetence and squint,(4) double vision. It is by the study of these symptoms, their mutualcombinations, and the associat
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