Scientific and applied pharmacognosy intended for the use of students in pharmacy, as a hand book for pharmacists, and as a reference book for food and drug analysts and pharmacologists . en color. On the addition first of some cane sugar to morphineand then of concentrated sulphuric acid and a little bromin water,the solution becomes purplish-red, changing to violet-blue, blue-greenand finally a dingy yellow. Morphine gives a blue color with dilutesolutions of ferric chloride, which is destroyed on heating, and itgives an orange or reddish color with nitric acid. On heating mor- 270 SCIENTIFI
Scientific and applied pharmacognosy intended for the use of students in pharmacy, as a hand book for pharmacists, and as a reference book for food and drug analysts and pharmacologists . en color. On the addition first of some cane sugar to morphineand then of concentrated sulphuric acid and a little bromin water,the solution becomes purplish-red, changing to violet-blue, blue-greenand finally a dingy yellow. Morphine gives a blue color with dilutesolutions of ferric chloride, which is destroyed on heating, and itgives an orange or reddish color with nitric acid. On heating mor- 270 SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED PHARMACOGNOSY phine in a sealed tube with hydrochloric acid a new salt is formed,known as apomorphine hydrochloride. The latter occurs in minute,nearly colorless, monoclinic prisms, which become greenish onexposure to air and moisture; and the solutions are colored reddishon the addition of dilute solutions of ferric chloride. Pseudomor-phine is a crystalline compound that is formed on heating alkalinesolutions of morphine with oxidizing agents. It is insoluble in water,alcohol or even dilute sulphuric acid, but is readily soluble in a solu-tion of potassium Fig. 123.—Codeine sulphate: orthorhombic crystals from hot alcoholic solution. Codeine (the methyl ether of morphine) forms anhydrous crystalsfrom solutions in ether or benzol, but the crystals from aqueous solu-tions contain one molecule of water of crystallization. Microscopicx-shaped skeleton crystals separate from alcoholic solutions, whichvary in length from about to mm. and a photomicro-graph of which is shown on p. 767 of Kraemers Applied and EconomicBotany. It forms crystallizable salts, of which the sulphate onlywill be described. At 25° C. one part of codeine sulphate is solublein 30 parts of water, and 1035 parts of alcohol. It is insoluble in OPIUM ALKALOIDS 271 chloroform or ether. The microscopic crystals from hot alcoholicsolutions vary in length from mm. to mm.
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