. Washington during war time, a series of papers showing the military, political, and social phases during 1861 to 1865; official souvenir of the Thirty-Sixth annual encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic . d, [43] WASHINGTON DURING WAR TIME without a moments delay, their appropriate places where,covered by the enemys fire, they occupied the very best posi-tions which the topography afforded. At the termination of the war in April, 1865, the defensesof Washington consisted of 68 inclosed forts and batterieshaving an aggregate perimeter of 22,800 yards (13 miles) andemplacements for 1,120


. Washington during war time, a series of papers showing the military, political, and social phases during 1861 to 1865; official souvenir of the Thirty-Sixth annual encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic . d, [43] WASHINGTON DURING WAR TIME without a moments delay, their appropriate places where,covered by the enemys fire, they occupied the very best posi-tions which the topography afforded. At the termination of the war in April, 1865, the defensesof Washington consisted of 68 inclosed forts and batterieshaving an aggregate perimeter of 22,800 yards (13 miles) andemplacements for 1,120 guns, 807 of which and 98 mortars wereactually mounted ; of 93 unarmed batteries for field-guns having401 emplacements; and of 35,711 yards (20 miles) of rifletrenches, and 3 block houses. Thirty-two miles of militaryroads, besides the existing roads of the District and the avenuesof Washington, served as the means of communication from theinterior to the defensive lines, and from point to point entire circuit, including the distance across the Potomacfrom Fort Greble to Fort Lyon (four miles), was thirty-sevenmiles. iW^gsjg ■ffljfIKCT-- pi &%&£:■■., r^:- -c^iSMSfc* ■m . [44]. The Part taken by the Naval Forces inthe Defense of Washington duringthe Civil War By RICHARD WAINWRIGHTCommander (. S. Navy and Superintendent Naval Academy HE first order issued to theNaval Forces for the protec-tion of Washington was datedJanuary 5, 1861, signed byIsaac Toucey, Secretary ofthe Navy, and addressed toColonel John Hariis, Com-mandant, Marine Corps, di-recting that a force ofMarines be sent to FortWashington, down the Poto-mac, for the protection of public property. Forty men, com-manded by Captain A. S. Taylor, U. S. Marine Corps, weresent in obedience to this order. Under pressure from Commander J. A. Dahlgren, Commo-dore Franklin Buchanan, Commandant of the WashingtonYard, on February 1, issued an order for the defense of theyard and prescribing the necessary organ


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