The British nation a history / by George MWrong . fl&ce, and at last, in 1865, an active movement began toinclude all the provinces of British Xorth America in aliew Canadian Union. In 1867, by a statute of the BritishParliament known as the British Xorth America Act,the Dominion of Canada came into existence; and, by1872 it included the whole of British North Americaexcept Newfoundland, and stretched from the Atlanticto the Pacific. The Canadian confederation was formed just after thegreat civil war in the United States, and Sir John Mac-The Canadian Donald, the Canadian statesman chiefly re-
The British nation a history / by George MWrong . fl&ce, and at last, in 1865, an active movement began toinclude all the provinces of British Xorth America in aliew Canadian Union. In 1867, by a statute of the BritishParliament known as the British Xorth America Act,the Dominion of Canada came into existence; and, by1872 it included the whole of British North Americaexcept Newfoundland, and stretched from the Atlanticto the Pacific. The Canadian confederation was formed just after thegreat civil war in the United States, and Sir John Mac-The Canadian Donald, the Canadian statesman chiefly re-type of federal sponsible for the union, tried to avoid dangersgovernment. -^^ ^|^g federal system wliich the war had re-vealed. He aimed especially to give wide powers to thefederal government and strictly to define the jurisdictionof the several provinces, Avbicli possess only tlie limitedpowers delegated to them. To unite the Atlantic and thePacific portions of Canad-i a transcontinental railway was THE GROWTH OF THE BRITISH DOMINIONS 569. required, and the Canadian Pacific Eailway was com-pleted in 1885. It now controls more than ten thousandmiles of railway, and is a stupendous corporation ; and sorapid has been Canadian development that two othersimilar lines are now being constructed. Xearly a hun-dred years of peace—there hasbeen no war since that with theUnited States, which closed in1815—have enabled Canada tobegin in earnest the use of herown resources. One of Xaturescompensations for her north-ern latitude is that the severefrosts of winter retain in thesoil soluble nitrates which aredrained off in milder climates,but which improve greatly thequality of wheat; the CanadianXorthwest has alread}^ becomea great wheat-producing area, with vast undeveloped possibilities. Canadas main inter-est is still agricultural, but she has also great mineralwealth, and the iron and other industries are growingrapidly. The great continent Australia lay for untold agesremote and a
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