. Pharmaceutical bacteriology, with special reference to disinfection and sterilization. Bacteriology. 132 PHARMACEUTICAL BACTERIOLOGY. mined experimentally), and a graded amount of the serum to be standard- ized, so that the first tube has, in all probability, not enough antitoxin to neutralize the one hundred fatal doses of the toxin, and the eighth tube has, in all probability, a great excess of antitoxin. The contents of one tube is injected into a guinea-pig, thus requiring eight pigs. The animals are marked and kept under close observation. The first, second and perhaps third die, showin
. Pharmaceutical bacteriology, with special reference to disinfection and sterilization. Bacteriology. 132 PHARMACEUTICAL BACTERIOLOGY. mined experimentally), and a graded amount of the serum to be standard- ized, so that the first tube has, in all probability, not enough antitoxin to neutralize the one hundred fatal doses of the toxin, and the eighth tube has, in all probability, a great excess of antitoxin. The contents of one tube is injected into a guinea-pig, thus requiring eight pigs. The animals are marked and kept under close observation. The first, second and perhaps third die, showing that not enough serum was added to neutralize the toxin. The fourth pig just recovers, showing that the amount of serum added to the fourth tube was sufficient to neutralize one hundred fatal doses of the Fig. 5g.—Guinea-pigs in wire cages. These lively little animals are used in testing the virulense of the diphtheria toxin which is injected into the horse and abo for the purpose of standardizing the antitoxin. The reasons why these animals are preferred are wholly biological and physiological. They propagate rapidily, are easily kept, easily handled, and respond (biologically) to the tests applied. This amount of serum (antitoxic) represents one unit. From this amount or unit the quantities to be put into the containers are determined. 500, 1000, 2500 and 5000 unit quantities are put up, for the convenience of physicians. 500 units constitute an immunizing dose, given to those who do not have diphtheria, but who have been exposed to the disease. The larger doses are curative. The rule is to give large doses, repeated as often as may be Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Schneider, Albert, 1863-1928. Philadelphia, Blakiston
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