. The ban of the Bori; demons and demon-dancing in West and North Africa . akthe language, for she has to direct the performances,but not even this is necessary in the case of the chief, theone at Sfax being able to talk nothing but Arabic. Neitheroffice is hereditary, for special qualifications are required ;the man must be honest and possessed of good judgment,„the woman must have the virtue of continency—andwill almost certainly be a widow or an ancient , therefore, has nothing to do with the selection ofthe person to fill either office. The organisation of the modern Hausa st


. The ban of the Bori; demons and demon-dancing in West and North Africa . akthe language, for she has to direct the performances,but not even this is necessary in the case of the chief, theone at Sfax being able to talk nothing but Arabic. Neitheroffice is hereditary, for special qualifications are required ;the man must be honest and possessed of good judgment,„the woman must have the virtue of continency—andwill almost certainly be a widow or an ancient , therefore, has nothing to do with the selection ofthe person to fill either office. The organisation of the modern Hausa state is describedin Hausa Superstitions and Customs,1 so it is unnecessaryto go into the subject at length here. Suffice it to saythat every profession in every town (even that of thieving)and every tiny village has its head with his train ofretainers, and these are subject to a chief and suite of alarger town, who again is under the great man of thewhole district, the latter being responsible to the Sultan. Between the people of certain districts there is what is 30. 2.—Tunisian Fashions. 3.—Nigerian Fashions. TOTEMISM AND KING-KILLING 31 called a wasa (game)— an understanding that theymay behave to each other as if they were members of thesame family. Haj Ali of Gobir and Auta of Zaria hadsuch a wasa between them, because long ago, when theHausa states were first formed, the King of Gobir came toZaria with the intention of attacking the city, althoughthe people were of the same stock. Now, although theancestor, Zaria, is said to have been a male, the people areknown as Zazaga, and by a special meaning, when the Gobirawa arrived, the King of Zaria, feelingunequal to the contest, ordered his people to bring cala-bashes, mortars, and other female domestic implements,and all marched out to the enemys camp. The King ofGobir was very much surprised, naturally, and askedwhy they had come to meet him with household utensilsinstead of with weapons, as men ought


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