Topographic surveying; including geographic, exploratory, and military mapping, with hints on camping, emergency surgery, and photography . Fig. 31.—Military Map of Operations about South Mountain. memoranda of the country immediately adjoining the line ofmarch. 42. Military Siege Maps.—In siege operations sketchmaps, photographs, and, when possible, more accurate sur-veys based on instrumental observations, are made of the po- I02 MILITARY AND CADASTRAL SURVEYS. sition attacked. These, so far as possible, are executed in suchdetail as to show not only the immediate surroundings with aview to


Topographic surveying; including geographic, exploratory, and military mapping, with hints on camping, emergency surgery, and photography . Fig. 31.—Military Map of Operations about South Mountain. memoranda of the country immediately adjoining the line ofmarch. 42. Military Siege Maps.—In siege operations sketchmaps, photographs, and, when possible, more accurate sur-veys based on instrumental observations, are made of the po- I02 MILITARY AND CADASTRAL SURVEYS. sition attacked. These, so far as possible, are executed in suchdetail as to show not only the immediate surroundings with aview to their availability for the purposes of the attack, butespecially the details of fortified places in order to develop. Fig. 32.—Military Siege Map. their weak points and their strength. Fig. 32, reproducedfrom maps accompanying the Records of the War of the Re-bellion, is a map of this sort executed during the siege ofSpanish Fort. 43. Military Sketches and Memoirs.—Information mustbe procured from the inhabitants, spies, or other sources, andthe military map filled out as well as may be from verbaldescriptions. Itineraries of routes should be plotted and keptin memoir form for the guidance of bodies or troops in march- CADASTEAL SURVEYS. IO3 ing, and for resting and camping places for convoys and supplytrains. In the memoir various streams must be noted, theirnumber, position, depth, banks, fords, bridges etc. ; ponds,marshes, canals, and springs must all be described, with a state-ment as to how they are formed, whether subject to overflow,and if crossed by roads, how and where. Bodies of woodlandand forest must be described, as to their shapes, positions,etc. The classes of roads, their conditi


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